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Abstract Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae) underwent an impressive adaptive radiation characterized primarily by the diversification of dietary strategies in tandem with functional morphological diversification of their craniodental and sensory systems. In this perspective, we integrate information from extensive research across multiple fields to outline the interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of the phyllostomid adaptive radiation and the resulting ecomorphological diversity of the clade. We begin by exploring the relationship between phyllostomids and their environments, focusing on the ecogeographical drivers of their radiation. Then, we detail current knowledge about the role of genes and development in enabling morphological diversification of the group. Finally, we describe the breathtaking ecomorphological diversification of phyllostomids, trying to unveil functional connections underlying their diverse dietary niches.